Nauyi & BMI

Menene BMI?

Jiki Mass Index (BMI)ƙimar lamba ce da aka ƙididdige ta daga nauyi da tsayinku:

$$BMI = \ frac {nauyin (kg)}{tsawo (m)^2}$$

Ko a cikin rukunin sarakuna:

$$BMI = \ frac {nauyin (lbs) × 703}{tsawo (inci)^2}$$

Masanin lissafin Belgian Adolphe Quetelet ne ya haɓaka BMI a cikin 1830s azaman kayan aiki mai sauƙi don kimanta kiba-ba a matsayin ma'aunin lafiyar mutum ba.

Yadda HealthKit ke adana nauyi & BMI

Bayanan HealthKit:

• Yawan Jiki (nauyi):Daga ma'auni mai wayo da aka haɗa, Apple Watch (ƙimantawa), ko shigarwar hannu
• Fihirisar Jiki:Ana ƙididdigewa ta atomatik daga nauyi da tsayi
• Kashi Na Kitsen Jiki:Daga ma'auni masu wayo masu dacewa ta amfani da impedance bioelectrical
• Taro na Jiki:Daga ma'auni masu jituwa ko shigarwar hannu

Bayanan Kimiyya

BMI: Ma'aunin Rigima

BMI ya kasance ana amfani da shi sosai saboda sauƙin sa, amma yana da ƙayyadaddun iyakoki waɗanda bincike na zamani ya nuna:

Abin da BMI ke yi:- Yana ba da kayan aikin tantance yawan jama'a cikin sauri - Yayi daidai da wasu sakamakon lafiya a matsanancin matsayi - Yana ba da damar daidaita daidaitaccen kwatancen karatu

Abin da BMI baya yi:- Bambance tsakanin tsoka da kitse - Asusu don rarraba mai (visceral vs. subcutaneous) - Daidaita shekaru, jima'i, ko bambancin kabila - Yi hasashen sakamakon lafiyar mutum daidai

Matsakaicin Rukunin BMI (WHO)

Lura: Waɗannan ƙofofin an haɓaka su ne da farko daga nazarin yawan jama'ar Turai kuma maiyuwa ba za su yi aiki daidai da kowane ƙabilu ba.

Abubuwan Binciken Alamar Kasa

Nazarin NEJM: BMI da Mutuwa (2010)

A m bincike na1.46 miliyan farare manyadaga binciken bincike na 19 masu zuwa sunyi nazarin dangantakar dake tsakanin BMI da mace-mace.

Mahimmin Bincike:-Mafi kyawun kewayon BMI:22.5-24.9 ga masu shan taba - Haɗarin mutuwa ya ƙaru a ƙarshen bakan BMI -Ƙarƙashin nauyi (BMI <18.5):47% mafi girma mace-mace -Kiba Class I (30-35):44% mafi girma mace-mace -Kiba Class III (≥ 40):2.5x mafi girma mace-mace

"A cikin marasa lafiya marasa shan taba, an lura da mafi ƙarancin haɗarin mutuwa a BMI na 20.0 zuwa 24.9." - Berrington de Gonzalez et al., NEJM, 2010

The Obesity Paradox (JAMA 2013)

Rikicin meta-bincike na97 karatutare daMutane miliyan 2.88an sami sakamako na bazata:

Mahimmin Bincike:-Kiba (BMI 25-30):6%kasaduk- sanadin mace-mace fiye da nauyin al'ada -Kiba Class I (30-35):Babu wani muhimmin bambanci a cikin mace-mace -Kiba Class II-III (≥ 35):29% mafi girma mace-mace

Wannan "paradox na kiba" ya haifar da muhawara game da ko yankewar BMI yana da kyau kuma ko akwai kiba mai lafiya.

Bayan BMI: Da'irar kugu

Sanarwar yarjejeniya ta 2020 daga International Atherosclerosis Society ta jaddada kewaye kugu a matsayin mafi girman tsinkaya:

Me yasa Da'irar kugu ke da mahimmanci:- Kai tsaye auna kitsen ciki (visceral). - Kitsen visceral yana aiki da metabolism kuma yana motsa kumburi - Mafi kyawun hasashen cututtukan zuciya fiye da BMI - Halin haɗari mai zaman kanta bayan daidaitawa don BMI

Matsakaicin Haɗari (IAS/ICCR Consensus):

Shaidar "Fit But Fat".

Bincike ya kara nuna hakanmatakin dacewana iya zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da nauyi:

• A 2016 meta-analysis inCi gaba a cikin Cututtukan Zuciyagano cewa masu dacewa masu kiba suna dairin wannan mace-macedon dacewa da daidaikun mutane masu nauyi
• Mutanen da ba su dace da nauyi na yau da kullun bamafi girma mace-macefiye da dacewa mutane masu kiba
• Fitness na numfashi na zuciya (CRF) mai ƙarfi ne mai tsinkayar mace-mace

Muhimmancin asibiti

Me yasa Matsalolin Kula da Nauyi ke da mahimmanci

Duk da iyakokin BMI, bin diddigin nauyi akan lokaci yana ba da ƙima:

1. Ganewar Al'ada:Canje-canjen nauyi a hankali na iya nuna canjin lafiya
2. Kulawa da Jiyya:Nauyi babban sakamako ne ga yanayi da yawa
3. Ra'ayin Halaye:Yana taimakawa tantance tasirin sa baki na salon rayuwa
4. Takardun Likita:Da ake buƙata don ɗaukar magunguna, shirin tiyata

Abin da Ya Shafi Nauyi

Abubuwan Halitta:- Ma'aunin makamashi (kalori a cikin vs. waje) - Basal metabolism rate - Hormonal tsarin (thyroid, insulin, cortisol). - Gut microbiome abun da ke ciki - Halitta predisposition

Abubuwan waje:- Abincin abun da ke ciki da inganci - Matsayin aikin jiki - ingancin barci da tsawon lokaci - Magunguna (yawanci suna haifar da karuwar nauyi / asara) - Damuwa da abubuwan tunani

Sauye-sauyen Nauyin Kullum

Nauyi na iya canzawa1-3 kg (2-6 lbs) kullumsaboda:

• Halin hydration
• Abincin sodium
• Abun ciki
• Lokacin hawan haila
• Motsa jiki na baya-bayan nan ( riƙe ruwa)

Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka:Yi awo a lokaci guda kowace rana (safiya, bayan gidan wanka, kafin cin abinci) da waƙamatsakaicin mako-makomaimakon kimar yau da kullun.

Shawarwari

Jagororin Bisa Shaida

Idan aka ba da iyakokin BMI, la'akari da cikakkiyar hanya:

Gudanar da Lafiya mai nauyi

Hanyoyi na tushen shaida:

1. Mai da hankali kan halayen lafiya, ba kawai ma'auni ba
2. Ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullun (matsakaici 150+ min/mati)
3. Daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki yana jaddada dukkan abinci
4. Cikakken barci (7-9 hours)

5. Gudanar da damuwa

6. Saita ainihin tsammanin

7. 0.5-1 kg (1-2 lbs) a kowane mako shine asarar nauyi mai dorewa
8. Kula da nauyi yana buƙatar ƙoƙari mai gudana

9. Canje-canjen abun da ke cikin jiki bazai yi tunani akan sikeli ba

10. Yi la'akari da mafi girma hoto

11. Hawan jini, lipids, abubuwan sarrafa glucose fiye da BMI kadai
12. Inganta lafiyar jiki yana rage haɗarin mace-mace ba tare da nauyi ba
13. Lafiyar tunani yana tasiri lafiyar jiki

Lokacin Neman Kulawar Lafiya

Tuntuɓi ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya idan kun fuskanci:

• Rashin nauyi ba tare da gangan ba> 5% a cikin watanni 6-12
• Saurin kiba, wanda ba a bayyana ba
• BMI <18.5 ko> 40
• Nauyi yana tsoma baki tare da ayyukan yau da kullun ko motsi
• Tsarin cin abinci mara kyau ko auna mai hankali
• Canje-canjen nauyi tare da wasu alamomi (gajiya, canjin yanayi, da sauransu)

Magana

1. Berrington de Gonzalez A, et al. (2010) Kididdigar Jiki da Mutuwar Mutuwar Tsakanin Farin Manya Miliyan 1.46.NEJM, 363 (23), 2211-2219.
2. Flegal KM, et al. (2013) Ƙungiya na duk-sakamakon mace-mace tare da kiba da kiba ta amfani da daidaitattun nau'ikan BMI.JAMA, 309 (1), 71-82.
3. Aune D, et al. (2016) BMI da duk suna haifar da mace-mace: nazari na yau da kullun da kuma ƙididdigar ƙididdiga marasa daidaituwa.BMJ, 353, i2156.
4. Ross R, et al. (2020) Ƙimar kugu a matsayin muhimmiyar alama a cikin aikin asibiti: Bayanin Yarjejeniya.Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 16 (3), 177-189.
5. Ortega FB, et al. (2016) Fihirisar Jiki: Shin Ma'aunin Ma'auni na Jimillar Kitson Jiki Zai Zama Mafi Hasashen?Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91 (4), 443-455.
6. Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya. (2024) Kiba da kiba: Mahimman bayanai. Takardun Gaskiyar WHO.